# Villi Bharatham: A 14th Century Tamil Rendition of Mahabharata
Mahabharata is one of the most famous and influential epics in the world. It tells the story of the Kurukshetra War, a conflict between two branches of a royal family, the Pandavas and the Kauravas, over the throne of Hastinapura. The epic also contains various sub-stories, legends, moral teachings, and philosophical discourses.
Mahabharata was originally composed in Sanskrit by the sage Vyasa, who is also one of the main characters in the story. The epic has been translated and adapted into various languages and cultures over the centuries. One of the most interesting and unique adaptations of Mahabharata is Villi Bharatham, a Tamil version written by Villiputturar in the 14th century CE.
Villi Bharatham is not a literal translation of Mahabharata, but a creative retelling that incorporates Tamil culture, values, and traditions. Villiputturar was a poet and a devotee of Lord Shiva, who lived in Tiruvarur, a town in Tamil Nadu. He was inspired by the Devaram hymns of Nayanmars, the Tamil Shaiva saints, and composed Villi Bharatham as a tribute to them.
Villi Bharatham consists of 18 parvas or sections, corresponding to the original Sanskrit Mahabharata. However, Villiputturar made some changes and additions to the story, such as:
– He introduced a new character named Villi, who is his namesake and narrator of the story. Villi is a hunter who accidentally kills a bird and feels remorseful. He then meets Vyasa, who tells him the story of Mahabharata as a way of atoning for his sin.
– He added more details and descriptions to the events and characters of Mahabharata, especially those related to Tamil Nadu. For example, he described the geography, history, culture, and festivals of various places in Tamil Nadu where the Pandavas visited during their exile.
– He emphasized the role and importance of Lord Shiva and his devotees in Mahabharata. He portrayed Shiva as the supreme deity who protects and guides the Pandavas throughout their trials and tribulations. He also highlighted the devotion and miracles of Nayanmars, such as Appar, Sambandar, Sundarar, Manikkavasagar, etc.
– He added some moral lessons and spiritual teachings to the story, based on his own beliefs and experiences. He also used some poetic devices and figures of speech to enhance the beauty and appeal of his language.
Villi Bharatham is considered as one of the finest examples of Tamil literature and a masterpiece of Villiputturar’s poetic genius. It is also a valuable source of information about the social and religious life of medieval Tamil Nadu. It has been widely read and appreciated by generations of Tamils for its literary merit and cultural significance.
## How to Download and Read Villi Bharatham in Tamil PDF for Free
If you are interested in reading Villi Bharatham in Tamil PDF for free, you can download it from the Internet Archive website. The Internet Archive is a non-profit organization that provides free access to millions of books, movies, music, software, and other digital content.
To download and read Villi Bharatham in Tamil PDF for free from the Internet Archive website, follow these steps:
– Go to [https://archive.org/details/vrajeshkumar_gmail_01](https://archive.org/details/vrajeshkumar_gmail_01) in your browser.
– You should see a page with information about Villi Bharatham in Tamil PDF.
– On the right side of the page, you should see a box with various download options.
– Click on the “PDF” option to download Villi Bharatham in Tamil PDF to your computer or device.
– You can also click on other options such as “EPUB” or “KINDLE” to download other formats of Villi Bharatham in Tamil.
– Once you have downloaded Villi Bharatham in Tamil PDF or any other format, you can open it with any compatible reader or application and enjoy reading it.
## The History and Significance of Villi Bharatham
Villi Bharatham is not only a literary work but also a historical document that reflects the socio-cultural milieu of 14th century Tamil Nadu. It provides insights into various aspects of life such as politics, religion, art, education, trade, agriculture, etc.
Some of the historical facts and events that can be learned from Villi Bharatham are:
– The political situation of Tamil Nadu during the reigns of different dynasties such as Cholas, Pandyas, Hoysalas, Kakatiyas, etc.
– The religious diversity and harmony among different sects such as Shaivas, Vaishnavas, Jains, Buddhists, etc.
– The influence and contribution of Nayanmars and Alvars to Tamil literature and devotion
– The role and status of women in society
– The customs and traditions related to marriage, festivals, rituals, etc.
– The development and achievements in various fields such as architecture, sculpture, painting, music, dance, etc.
Villi Bharatham is also significant for its spiritual value and message. It teaches us about the importance of dharma (righteousness), karma (action), bhakti (devotion), moksha (liberation), etc. It also inspires us to follow the examples of noble characters such as Yudhishthira (truthfulness), Bhima (strength), Arjuna (skill), Draupadi (virtue), Karna (generosity), etc.
Villi Bharatham is a treasure trove of wisdom and knowledge that can enrich our minds and souls. It is a proud legacy of our Tamil heritage that we should cherish and preserve for posterity.
## The Story and Characters of Villi Bharatham
Villi Bharatham follows the same plot and structure as the original Sanskrit Mahabharata, with some minor variations and additions. It narrates the story of the Kurukshetra War and its aftermath, as well as various sub-stories and episodes related to the main characters.
The story begins with the birth of Vyasa, the author and narrator of Mahabharata, who is the son of sage Parashara and fisherwoman Satyavati. Vyasa then tells the story of his ancestors, such as Shantanu, Bhishma, Vichitravirya, Pandu, Dhritarashtra, etc.
The story then focuses on the conflict between the Pandavas and the Kauravas, who are cousins and descendants of King Kuru. The Pandavas are the five sons of Pandu and his two wives Kunti and Madri: Yudhishthira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula, and Sahadeva. The Kauravas are the hundred sons of Dhritarashtra and his wife Gandhari: Duryodhana, Dushasana, Vikarna, etc.
The conflict arises due to the rivalry and jealousy between Duryodhana and Yudhishthira over the throne of Hastinapura. Duryodhana plots to kill or exile the Pandavas with the help of his uncle Shakuni, who is a master of dice and deception. He also tries to humiliate and harm Draupadi, the wife of the Pandavas, who is a princess of Panchala.
The Pandavas suffer many hardships and injustices at the hands of the Kauravas, such as losing their kingdom in a rigged dice game, living in exile for 13 years, facing various dangers and enemies, etc. However, they also receive divine help and guidance from Lord Krishna, who is their friend and cousin. Krishna also reveals his cosmic form and teaches Arjuna the Bhagavad Gita, a sacred scripture that contains the essence of Hindu philosophy.
The story culminates in the Kurukshetra War, a massive battle that lasts for 18 days and involves many kings and warriors from different regions and kingdoms. The Pandavas are supported by Krishna and their allies such as Drupada, Virata, Abhimanyu, etc. The Kauravas are supported by Bhishma, Drona, Karna, Ashwatthama, etc.
The war results in the death of most of the characters on both sides, including Bhishma, Drona, Karna, Abhimanyu, Duryodhana, etc. The Pandavas emerge victorious but also grief-stricken and remorseful for the loss of their kinsmen and friends. They then perform various rites and rituals to honor the dead and attain peace.
The story ends with the coronation of Yudhishthira as the king of Hastinapura and his rule of justice and prosperity. The Pandavas then renounce their kingdom and go on a final pilgrimage to Mount Meru along with Draupadi. They are followed by a dog that represents dharma (righteousness). On their way, they face various tests and trials that cause them to fall one by one. Only Yudhishthira and the dog reach the summit where they are greeted by Indra (the king of gods) who invites them to heaven.
Villi Bharatham is full of fascinating characters that have their own personalities, strengths, weaknesses, virtues, vices, motivations, emotions, etc. Some of them are heroic and noble such as Yudhishthira (truthfulness), Bhima (strength), Arjuna (skill), Draupadi (virtue), Karna (generosity), etc. Some of them are villainous and wicked such as Duryodhana (envy), Dushasana (cruelty), Shakuni (deceit), etc. Some of them are complex and ambiguous such as Bhishma (loyalty), Drona (duty), Ashwatthama (revenge), etc.
Villi Bharatham is also full of thrilling events and incidents that capture our attention and imagination such as:
– The burning of Khandava forest by Arjuna and Krishna
– The swayamvara (self-choice) of Draupadi where Arjuna wins her hand by shooting an arrow through a revolving fish
– The game of dice where Yudhishthira loses everything to Duryodhana
– The disrobing of Draupadi by Dushasana in front of the assembly
– The escape of the Pandavas from the lacquer house set on fire by Purochana
– The disguise of the Pandavas during their 13th year of exile
– The killing of Bakasura by Bhima
– The killing of Jayadratha by Arjuna
– The killing of Ghatotkacha by Karna
– The killing of Abhimanyu by a group of warriors
– The killing of Karna by Arjuna
– The killing of Duryodhana by Bhima
– The killing of Ashwatthama’s father Drona by Yudhishthira’s lie
– The killing of Ashwatthama’s son Parikshit by Ashwatthama’s brahmastra (divine weapon)
– The curse of Gandhari on Krishna for allowing the war to happen
Villi Bharatham is a captivating story that entertains us with its drama and action. It also educates us with its wisdom and values. It is a timeless tale that appeals to people of all ages and backgrounds.
## Conclusion
Villi Bharatham is a 14th century Tamil rendition of Mahabharata, a Sanskrit epic that narrates the story of the Kurukshetra War and its aftermath. Villi Bharatham was written by Villiputturar, a poet and a devotee of Lord Shiva, who lived in Tiruvarur, a town in Tamil Nadu. He was inspired by the Devaram hymns of Nayanmars, the Tamil Shaiva saints, and composed Villi Bharatham as a tribute to them.
Villi Bharatham is not a literal translation of Mahabharata, but a creative retelling that incorporates Tamil culture, values, and traditions. Villiputturar introduced a new character named Villi, who is his namesake and narrator of the story. He also added more details and descriptions to the events and characters of Mahabharata, especially those related to Tamil Nadu. He also emphasized the role and importance of Lord Shiva and his devotees in Mahabharata. He also added some moral lessons and spiritual teachings to the story, based on his own beliefs and experiences.
Villi Bharatham is considered as one of the finest examples of Tamil literature and a masterpiece of Villiputturar’s poetic genius. It is also a valuable source of information about the social and religious life of medieval Tamil Nadu. It provides insights into various aspects of life such as politics, religion, art, education, trade, agriculture, etc. It also teaches us about the importance of dharma (righteousness), karma (action), bhakti (devotion), moksha (liberation), etc. It also inspires us to follow the examples of noble characters such as Yudhishthira (truthfulness), Bhima (strength), Arjuna (skill), Draupadi (virtue), Karna (generosity), etc.
Villi Bharatham is a treasure trove of wisdom and knowledge that can enrich our minds and souls. It is a proud legacy of our Tamil heritage that we should cherish and preserve for posterity.
If you want to read Villi Bharatham in Tamil PDF for free, you can download it from the Internet Archive website: [https://archive.org/details/vrajeshkumar_gmail_01](https://archive.org/details/vrajeshkumar_gmail_01). You can also download other formats such as EPUB or KINDLE from the same website.
We hope that this article was helpful and informative for you. If you have any questions or comments, please feel free to leave them below. Thank you for reading!
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